Waste water treatment (WWT)
- Primary treatment (physical & chemical)
- Heavy metals removal
- Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) removal by photochemical oxidation with H2O2/UVC
- Secondary treatment (biological)
- Disinfection
In order to keep our services portfolio unique, we also provide alternative waste water treatment solutions for smaller residential areas, individual building, etc., such as:
Constructed wetlands
Pioneering constructed wetlands technology in Bosnia and Herzegovina , DEKONTA BH leads the way in providing sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment solutions, setting a new standard for environmental care in the region.
What are constructed wetlands?
Constructed wetlands (CWs), or plant-based purifiers, are artificial wetland habitats that purify wastewater by combining various physical and chemical processes with biological processes. Wetlands transform and retain substances, thereby significantly improving the quality of treated water. As such, CWs are economical and technologically efficient solutions, particularly suitable for treating municipal wastewater in small villages and buildings not connected to municipal sewage systems. Wastewater is discharged into a constructed container, where pollutants are removed by organisms that naturally live on the roots of selected wetland and aquatic plants.
Advantages
- Effective treatment of municipal and certain industrial wastewater
- Low operational costs
- Reliable operation even with variable flow rates and wastewater quality
- Minimal maintenance requirements
- Aesthetically pleasing solution
- Elimination of unpleasant odors
Usage
- Municipal sewage (villages, settlements, facilities, houses)
- Agricultural wastewater (pig farms, vineyards, orchards, farms, and others)
- Leachate from certain solid waste landfills
- Contaminated stormwater (road and highway infrastructure, parking lots, airports, warehouses, greenhouses, and other locations)
- Industrial wastewater contaminated with organic matter (food industry, chemical industry, paper industry, textile industry, leather industry, and similar operations)
- Stabilization and mineralization of sludge from sewage systems.
A typical constructed wetland consists of a mechanical pre-treatment tank (septic or settling tank) and one or more filter beds. These can be classified as: horizontal flow CWs – the most common, mostly chemical processes occurring in the absence of oxygen are involved in purification of the effluent; vertical flow CWs – mainly chemical processes occurring in the presence of oxygen (e.g. removal of nitrogen by nitrification) are used for purification; and hybrid CWs (combination of both).
Applications:
- Municipal sewage water (villages, settlements, establishments, houses);
- Agricultural wastewater (pig farms, wine, fruit, dairy farms, etc.);
- Leaks from solid waste landfills;
- Polluted rainwater (roads and highways, parking lots, airfields, storage facilities, greenhouses, etc.);
- Industrial wastewater contaminated with organic substances (food, chemical, paper, textile, leather and other operations;
- Stabilisation and mineralisation of sewage sludge.
REED-BED SYSTEMS
- Similarly to constructed wetlands, reed-bed systems are based on the natural ability of reed to transport atmospheric oxygen into the root zone. Root exudates at the same time enhance good prosperity of the necessary bacterial consortium and the feed material is biologically transformed by the action of several simultaneous processes. In specially designed shallow sludge tanks there is besides aerobic zone also an anoxic and anaerobic layer, which enables the sludge to be populated by a wide range of microorganisms, cooperating on the decay process of the organic matter.
- Therefore mineralisation takes place and at the same time the input material loses water (by drainage, evaporation, evapotranspiration).
- The end products are CO2, which is being removed by ventilation, H2O, which is being drained by a drainage system, and humus.
- Reed-bed systems are planted with Phragmites Plants are first let grow for 1 year so that they form a compact, dense cover. Reed-bed systems reach maximum capacity after two years.
- There are several processes taking place in the reed-bed systems. Namely it is dewatering by a series of drainage pipes and vegetal evapotranspiration, then mineralisation of organic substances and formation of humus, and finally liquidation of pathogenic microorganisms.
Advantages
- Low energy demand (in fact it is, and only if necessary, the costs of pumping of treated water or sludge);
- Low operational and maintenance costs (the system is fully automated);
- Operation of the system does not create noise or smell;
- Green areas of vegetated tanks can be incorporated into a landscape design.
Reed-bed systems can be designed for dewatering especially sewage sludge, removal of contaminants such as organic waste, hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Particular set-up of a reed-bed system is always designed specifically for a particular type of wastewater and based on individual requirements of a client – namely for example for effluent containing deicing-defrosting fluids containing glycol, extinguishing water, fuel residues, herbicides, pesticides, etc.
Constructed wetlands in BiH
DEKONTA BH started implementing activities in the field of constructed Wetlands in 2015 via educational seminars held in Mostar, Banja Luka, Sarajevo and Brčko. The following year the Fisability study for the contraction of wetlands was conducted, during which a location in City of Goražde was chosen as the pilot location.
The construction project of the wetlands in Bogušići (2017-2019) is underway, the project is financed by the Czech Development Agency.